Using cannabis may cause changes in the human body's epigenome, a study of over 1,000 adults suggests. The epigenome functions like a set of switches that can turn genes on or off, affecting how cells read the genes. By studying changes in DNA methylation, the biological process by which methyl groups are added to DNA molecules, thereby altering gene expression, researchers found evidence that marijuana is associated with DNA methylation, a chemical alteration to the DNA inside human cells. With marijuana being a widely used psychoactive substance in the US and medical and recreational legalization increasing over the past decade, it is crucial to understand the potential impacts on human health.
Over the time course of this study, CB2 mRNA increased in blood lymphocytes in the high concentration THC group but were not accompanied by changes in other genes. OHSU researchers warn of potential impacts on brain development and long-term health related to prenatal cannabis exposure. While marijuana use may impact some genes linked to autism in men's sperm, abstaining from cannabis consumption over time could reverse these effects. Although the effects of cannabis-related epigenetic changes to sperm on fertility or embryonic development are unknown, researchers advocate for further investigation into the potential risks.
Researchers found that cannabis use during pregnancy could potentially affect fetal brain development leading to changes associated with neurobiological disorders. It is important for individuals, especially pregnant women, to be aware of the potential epigenetic consequences of cannabis use. More research is needed to fully understand the extent of these changes and their implications for human health. Overall, this study highlights the need for continued research on the epigenetic effects of cannabis on the human body.